Juneteenth, short for “June Nineteenth,” is a pivotal U.S. holiday that marks the day enslaved people in Texas learned of their freedom—June 19, 1865—nearly 2½ years after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation . On that day, Union General Gordon Granger landed in Galveston and issued General Order No. 3, legally liberating about 250,000 individuals still bound by slavery in the former Confederacy. Texas holds the distinction of being the state where Juneteenth first took root. In 1866, newly emancipated Black communities organized celebrations—“Jubilee Day”—featuring prayer meetings, cultural gatherings, music, and communal meals. As African Americans migrated beyond Texas, the holiday’s traditions—colorful picnics, rodeos, concerts, red-themed foods like watermelon and red velvet cake—spread nationwide.

Despite being acknowledged by many states over the decades, Juneteenth did not attain federal holiday status until June 17, 2021, when President Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act. This landmark decision followed decades of grassroots activism, championed by figures like Opal Lee, affectionately known as the “Grandmother of Juneteenth”. Delayed justice – SNP recognized June 19 as when emancipation was finally enforced, despite the 1863 Proclamation. A celebration of Black culture – From historical readings of the Emancipation Proclamation to performances of “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” or “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” and red foods symbolizing resilience.

Education and activism – Juneteenth is used to teach deeper truths about America's history and systemic inequality, fostering dialogue and civic engagement. Today, Juneteenth is commemorated through: Family gatherings and neighborhood festivals. Parades, concerts, church services. Educational programming and community forums. Free admission to parks and museums. Corporate and government closures recognizing the day’s importance.

Juneteenth is both Freedom Day and America's “second Independence Day.” It honors the delayed yet remarkable moment when freedom reached the last enslaved people in 1865. Today, it's a time to reflect on profound historical complexities, celebrate Black resilience and achievement, and affirm the ongoing journey toward equality and understanding.